Aquilaria sinensis, aquilaria subintegra, aquilaria beccariana. Rostrata can be found in mountainous area which is usually at cite this article. Aquilaria beccariana, aquilaria apiculate, aquilaria cumingiana, aquilaria filarial, aquilaria hirta, aquilaria malaccensis, and aquilaria microcarpa. Phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing. Aquilaria malaccensis lam, commonly known as agarwood, is a highly. A study on the actual origin species of aquilaria malaccensis imported from indonesia. There are general laws that govern agarwood collection, processing, manufacturing and trade. Adiponectinsecretionpromoting phenylethylchromones from. Agarwood trade and trade controls foraquilaria malaccensi s the international trade in agarwood involves wood, wood chips, powder, oil, and, although not identified. Agarwood oil is a yellow to dark amber, viscous liquid with a characteristic balsamic and woody odour. To establish cell suspension culture, callus was first induced from nurseryderived leaf explants incubated on basic murashige and skoog ms solid. Aquilaria malaccensis is one of tree species growing in malaysia that facing extinction in their original habitat which is forest. Our % pure and natural thailand agarwood essential oil is distilled from wood of aquilaria crassna, synonysm of aquilaria. A number of other species are less important sources of agar wood, including some minor aquilaria spp.
Agarwood use and trade and cites implementation for aquilaria malaccensis. Aquilaria malaccensis, antioxidant activity, phytochemicals introduction aquilaria spp. Aquilaria crassna thymeleaceae is mediumsized evergreen tree growing to a height of m and a diameter at breast height of cm. The following information is about cyultivation practices of agarwood or agarwood farming. The extremely high prices paid for high quality agar wood and for the essential oil and the indiscriminate felling of both diseased and healthy trees threaten natural stands of aquilaria including aquilaria malaccensis to extinction. Aquilariaand gyrinopsare genera of tropical trees that produces a valuable resinous wood called agarwood. The aromatic properties of agarwood when burned or distilled are extraordinary and there is high demand for the resinous wood to make incense, perfume and as traditional medicine. Countries of export for aquilaria malaccensis in international trade. Datasets of essential oils from naturally formed and. There are no any natural agarwood forests found there. Fungal and bacterial diversity isolated from aquilaria malaccensis. Aquilaria malaccensis agarwood aquilaria malaccensis, from india, and malaysia has lobes 2 3mm long. Growing aquilaria and production of agarwood in hill agro.
Agarwood induction in cell suspension culture of aquilaria. Agarwood farming, cultivation, production guide agri farming. Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of the highest recorded number of planting by karas tree farmers and known as the primary producer of agarwood in malaysia. In acute toxicity study, a single dose at of 2000 mgkg was performed. Evaluation of acute and subacute oral toxicity effect of. Phenylethylchromone derivatives from aquilaria malaccensisderived agarwood promoted adiponectin secretion during adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and 5,6dihydroxy22phenylethylchromone 1 was identified as a new chromone derivative. At the aquklaria time, the clothing can be scented. Phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing taxa. Siti zalikha binti mohd ridzuan jamil plant resource science and management faculty of resource science and technology universiti malaysia sarawak abstract the genus aquilaria as it is commonly known as gaharu is a smooth bark tree with aromatic smell. The first scent is similar to damp earth, grass, and sweet herbs. Do you know all the different species of aquilaria trees.
Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. The phylogenetic tree was developed using neighborjoining and. This study aimed at inducing agarwood production in cell suspension culture of aquilaria malaccensis, by investigating the optimal growth medium, optimal inocula size and finding suitable elicitors. It is highly valued for its strength and durability and is made into cloth and ropes. Review of significant trade aquilaria malaccensis cites. Pdf aquilaria malaccensis is a tropical tree which produces.
Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of plant in the thymelaeaceae family. Aquilaria and gyrinops are the major genera with a total of six and seven. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, 7 a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. Agarol, a aquilzria sesquiterpene from aquilaria agallocha. To assured their survival, this spesis have been listed under appendix ii in convention on international trade in endangered species cites since february 1995 and on 1994 by international union of conservation of nature iucn as endangered. Different types of biological, chemical and physical methods have been developed for artificial production of agarwood to. Investigation of agarwood compounds in aquilaria malaccensis.
Culture morphology and microscopic characteristics plus pcr. Aquilaria crassna, which comes from indochina, has lobes 12 15mm long. It is hardy to zone uk implementation of resolution conf. The phylogenetic tree was developed using neighborjoining and maximum. The criteria, parameters andor indicators used to prepare the nondetriment. Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young aquilaria. Aquilaria malaccensis is a large evergreen tree which occurs in bangladesh, aquilaria spp. Fortimanager 200d pdf otherwise known as aloes wood and malacca eaglewood, agar wood aquilaria malaccensis is a tropical small tree that grows up to 40 m high malaccsnsis spreads up to 12 m wide. Jual biji gaharu aquilaria malaccensis timor leste hub. Aquilaria malaccensis karas di semenanjung malaysia, 2011. The current map showing distribution of species is only indicative. The phytogeographical region for aquilaria malaccensiscomprises india, myanmar, sumatra, peninsular malaysia, singapore, borneo and the philippines. Three closely related species of aquilaria are considered to be the major sources of agar wood and are distinguished by the length of their calyx lobes.
Vegetative and reproductive phenology of aquilaria malaccensis lam. Microscopic observation of gaharu wood from aquilaria malaccensis pertanika j. Aquilaria malaccensis is a tropical tree which produces agarwood in its trunk often after being wounded and attacked by pathogens or insects. In normal condition, agarwood is naturally formed in aquilaria trees as a defense mechanism upon physical damage or microbial infection on the trees. Agarwood is the highly valuable fragrant resin of the wounded aquilaria spp. Aquilaria malaccensis and aquilaria crassna can be found in bhutan. Aquilaria malaccensis is one of 15 tree species in the indomalesian genus aquilaria, family thymelaeaceae. Aphrodisiac properties of aquilaria malaccensis leaves. Aquilaria malaccensis is an oleoresinproducing tree which occurs in malaysia. Aquilaria is a genus of fifteen species of trees, called lign aloes or lignaloes trees, in the family thymelaeaceae, native to southeast asia. Daftar isi kata pengantar iii executive summary v daftar isi. Aquilaria malaccensis is one of 15 tree species in the indomalesian genus.
Pdf on jan 1, 2008, lillian swee and others published agarwood aquilaria malaccensis in malaysia find, read and cite all the research you. In the absence of population data, and the merging of additional species with the. Neighborjoining trees were constructed to examine the relationships between. Fungal diversity in wounded stems of aquilaria malaccensis. Gcolfactory is used to identify odorcompounds which combine function of both gas. Agarwood is formed due to the phathological process as respond. Aquilaria sinensis is a species of plant in the family thymelaeaceae. Some of the key findings of this report are summarized below. The scientific name of agarwood is aquilaria and the scientific name of aquilaria is resinous heartwood. Growth and mineral nutrition of aquilaria malaccensis.
This thesis describes the results of a series of plant tissue culture, chemical and molecular based experiments aimed at developing an in vitro system to study. Aquilaria subintegra pdf the following species of aquilaria trees can be found in papua new guinea. They occur particularly in the rainforests of indonesia, thailand, cambodia, laos, vietnam, malaysia, northeast india, bangladesh, the philippines, borneo and. Microscopic observation of gaharu wood from aquilaria. The hpbgi was formed by the merger of 150 members of the association of gaharu indonesia. Abstract the study was conducted to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity effect of aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extract aeam towards male icr mice in terms of body weight, relative organ weight, mortality rate and sperm parameters. Formation of agarwood from aquilaria malaccensis in. Fungi are often used to induce agarwood in aquilaria trees. Growth and mineral nutrition of aquilaria malaccensis karas in two habitats as affected by different cultural practices. Plants for a future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Aquilaria malaccensis, from india, and malaysia has lobes 2 3mm long. A new species of aquilaria thymelaeaceae from vietnam. They occur particularly in the rainforests of indonesia, thailand, cambodia, laos, vietnam, malaysia, northeast india, bangladesh, the philippines, borneo and new guinea.
Fungi are generally viewed as the main microbial component responsible for agarwood formation. Combined effect of biological and physical stress on. Aquilaria malaccensis, aquilaria rostrata, aquilaria hirta and. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungi on agarwood formation over time in young aquilaria malaccensis lam. This medicinal plant is a source of fragrant wood, formed under a pathological condition, called chen xiang chinese. Aquilaria beccariana van tiegh, aquilaria cumingiana decne ridl, aquilaria malaccensis lamk, aquilaria microcarpa baill, aquilaria filaria oken merr. Aquilaria malaccensis is absent from sarawak while other. As aquilaria plants are known as producers of highquality fragrant material, then it is to be expected that these plants produce essential oils. Results and discussion the study was conducted to investigate the effects of aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extracts.
For this purpose, the juvenile wood samples were taken from the base stem of a threeyear old a. Naturally, production of agarwood in aquilaria takes 1020 years of time and it can develop only in 12% of aquilaria trees. Cell suspension culture of aquilaria malaccensis lamk. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 32000450 with original publication details. In this study, isolation of fungi from agarwood in damaged trees was carried out. Special plantations are established to recover the population of agarwood trees for artificial inoculation. Aquilaria beccariana, aquilaria apiculate, aquilaria cumingiana, aquilaria aquilaia, aquilaria hirta, aquilaria malaccensis, and aquilaria microcarpa. Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young aquilaria malaccensis trees in the nursery.
Archived pdf from the original on 23 november silvical characteristics of aquilaria agallocha roxb. Aquilaria sinensis, from china, has lobes 8mm long. Management and economic aspects of growing aquilaria agallocharoxb. Pdf on jan 23, 2019, mohd ibrahim and others published know your trees aquilaria malaccensis find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Although the species is widespread, it occurs at low density. Burma myanmar aquilaria malaccensis can be found in burma. Pdf fungal diversity in wounded stems of aquilaria malaccensis.
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